[root@chboa ~]# awk '{print $0}' test

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin

[root@chboa ]# awk -F: '/root/' test

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

root

bin

daemon

adm

lp

sync

shutdown

halt

mail

uucp

[root@chboa ]# awk -F: '/root/{print $7}' test

/bin/bash

[root@chboa ~]# awk -F: '{print $1"\t"$7}' test 

root    /bin/bash

bin     /sbin/nologin

daemon  /sbin/nologin

adm     /sbin/nologin

lp      /sbin/nologin

sync    /bin/sync

shutdown        /sbin/shutdown

halt    /sbin/halt

mail    /sbin/nologin

uucp    /sbin/nologin

功能

[root@chboa sed.test]# awk 'BEGIN{FS=":"}{print $1,$2}' test     

root x

bin x

daemon x

adm x

lp x

sync x

shutdown x

halt x

mail x

uucp x

[root@chboa ~]# awk 'BEGIN{FS=":";OFS="-"}{print $1,$2,$3}' test

root-x-0

bin-x-1

daemon-x-2

adm-x-3

lp-x-4

sync-x-5

shutdown-x-6

halt-x-7

mail-x-8

uucp-x-10

[root@chboa ]# awk 'BEGIN{FIELDWIDTHS="6 2 3 3"}{print $1,$2,$3,$4}' test

root:x :0 :0: roo

bin:x: 1: 1:b in:

daemon :x :2: 2:d

adm:x: 3: 4:a dm:

lp:x:4 :7 :lp :/v

sync:x :5 :0: syn

shutdo wn :x: 6:0

halt:x :7 :0: hal

mail:x :8 :12 :ma

uucp:x :1 0:1 4:u

[root@chboa ~]# awk 'BEGIN{FIELDWIDTHS="6 5 8 2 1";OFS="--"}{print $1,$2,$3,$4,$5}' test

root:x--:0:0:--root:/ro--ot--:

bin:x:--1:1:b--in:/bin:--/s--b

daemon--:x:2:--2:daemon--:/--s

adm:x:--3:4:a--dm:/var/--ad--m

lp:x:4--:7:lp--:/var/sp--oo--l

sync:x--:5:0:--sync:/sb--in--:

shutdo--wn:x:--6:0:shut--do--w

halt:x--:7:0:--halt:/sb--in--:

mail:x--:8:12--:mail:/v--ar--/

uucp:x--:10:1--4:uucp:/--va--r

[root@chboa ~]# cat phone 

Myke John

Nanjing Road

(123)110110100

Xiao Ming

Zhengzhou 

(456)120120100

[root@chboa ~]# awk 'BEGIN{FS="\n";RS=""}{print $1,$3}' phone 

Myke John (123)110110100

Xiao Ming (456)120120100

[root@chboa ~]# awk -F: '{print "filename:"FILENAME",linenumber:"NR",columns:"NF",linecontent:"$0}' test

filename:test,linenumber:1,columns:7,linecontent:root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

filename:test,linenumber:2,columns:7,linecontent:bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

filename:test,linenumber:3,columns:7,linecontent:daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

filename:test,linenumber:4,columns:7,linecontent:adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

filename:test,linenumber:5,columns:7,linecontent:lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

filename:test,linenumber:6,columns:7,linecontent:sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

filename:test,linenumber:7,columns:7,linecontent:shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

filename:test,linenumber:8,columns:7,linecontent:halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

filename:test,linenumber:9,columns:7,linecontent:mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

filename:test,linenumber:10,columns:7,linecontent:uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin