本文主要给大家简单讲讲MySQL-5.5操作命令简单练习，相关专业术语大家可以上网查查或者找一些相关书籍补充一下，这里就不涉猎了，我们就直奔主题吧，希望MySQL-5.5操作命令简单练习这篇文章可以给大家带来一些实际帮助。
1. 数据定义语句 DDL
create （database | table | index）
drop （database | table | index）
alter （database | table）
rename （table）
1.1 create
mysql> create database school;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create database school;
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| school | CREATE DATABASE `school` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use school;
Database changed
mysql>
mysql> create table student(
-> `id` int(5) not null auto_increment,
-> `name` char(20) not null,
-> `sex` char(5) not null,
-> `age` tinyint(2) not null default '0',
-> primary key(id),
-> key index_name(name));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> desc student;
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(5) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | char(20) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| sex | char(5) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | tinyint(2) | NO | | NULL | |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create table student\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: student
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `student` (
`id` int(5) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` char(20) NOT NULL,
`sex` char(5) NOT NULL,
`age` tinyint(2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `index_name` (`name`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create index index_age on student(age);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc student;
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(5) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | char(20) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| sex | char(5) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | tinyint(2) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
1.2 drop
mysql> use school;
Database changed
mysql>
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| student |
| test01 |
| test02 |
+------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> drop table test01;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| student |
| test02 |
+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| school |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop database test;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| school |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use school;
Database changed
mysql>
mysql> desc student;
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(5) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | char(20) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| sex | char(5) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | tinyint(2) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop index index_age on student;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc student;
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(5) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | char(20) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| sex | char(5) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | tinyint(2) | NO | | NULL | |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
1.3 alter
mysql> show create database test;
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| test | CREATE DATABASE `test` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ |
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> alter database test CHARACTER SET GBK COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci; # 改库的字符集
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create database test;
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| test | CREATE DATABASE `test` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk */ |
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show character set;
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 |
| dec8 | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 |
| cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 |
| hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 |
| koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 |
| latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 |
| latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 |
| gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 |
| latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 |
| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 |
| utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 |
mysql> desc test01;
+-------+--------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+--------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(4) | NO | PRI | 0 | |
| fit | int(5) | YES | MUL | NULL | |
+-------+--------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> alter table test01 drop primary key;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.17 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc test01;
+-------+--------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+--------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(4) | NO | | 0 | |
| fit | int(5) | YES | MUL | NULL | |
+-------+--------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> alter table test01 drop index index_fit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc test01;
+-------+--------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+--------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(4) | NO | | 0 | |
| fit | int(5) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+--------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from student;
+----+--------+-----+-----+
| id | name | sex | age |
+----+--------+-----+-----+
| 1 | 小东 | 男 | 13 |
| 2 | 小南 | 女 | 13 |
| 3 | 小北 | 男 | 13 |
| 4 | 小西 | 女 | 13 |
+----+--------+-----+-----+
4 rows in set (0.10 sec)
mysql> alter table student drop age;
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.16 sec)
Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql>
mysql> select * from student;
+----+--------+-----+
| id | name | sex |
+----+--------+-----+
| 1 | 小东 | 男 |
| 2 | 小南 | 女 |
| 3 | 小北 | 男 |
| 4 | 小西 | 女 |
+----+--------+-----+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> alter table student add age tinyint(2) not null;
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.10 sec)
Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from student;
+----+--------+-----+-----+
| id | name | sex | age |
+----+--------+-----+-----+
| 1 | 小东 | 男 | 0 |
| 2 | 小南 | 女 | 0 |
| 3 | 小北 | 男 | 0 |
| 4 | 小西 | 女 | 0 |
+----+--------+-----+-----+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
1.4 rename
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| student |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> rename table student to boy;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| boy |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2. 数据操作语句 DML
insert
select
update
delete
2.1 insert
mysql> insert into student(name,sex,age) values('小东','男','13'),('小南','女','13');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql>
mysql> select * from student;
+----+--------+-----+-----+
| id | name | sex | age |
+----+--------+-----+-----+
| 1 | 小东 | 男 | 13 |
| 2 | 小南 | 女 | 13 |
+----+--------+-----+-----+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into student values(3,'小北','男','13'),(4,'小西','女','13');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from student;
+----+--------+-----+-----+
| id | name | sex | age |
+----+--------+-----+-----+
| 1 | 小东 | 男 | 13 |
| 2 | 小南 | 女 | 13 |
| 3 | 小北 | 男 | 13 |
| 4 | 小西 | 女 | 13 |
+----+--------+-----+-----+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.2 select
mysql> select * from student;
+----+--------+-----+-----+
| id | name | sex | age |
+----+--------+-----+-----+
| 1 | 小东 | 男 | 0 |
| 2 | 小南 | 女 | 0 |
| 3 | 小北 | 女 | 12 |
| 4 | 小西 | 女 | 13 |
+----+--------+-----+-----+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from student where name='小北';
+----+--------+-----+-----+
| id | name | sex | age |
+----+--------+-----+-----+
| 3 | 小北 | 女 | 12 |
+----+--------+-----+-----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+
| user | host |
+------+-----------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | localhost |
+------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user where user='root' and host='localhost';
+------+-----------+
| user | host |
+------+-----------+
| root | localhost |
+------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2.3 update
mysql> update student set age=13 where id=4;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from student;
+----+--------+-----+-----+
| id | name | sex | age |
+----+--------+-----+-----+
| 1 | 小东 | 男 | 0 |
| 2 | 小南 | 女 | 0 |
| 3 | 小北 | 男 | 0 |
| 4 | 小西 | 女 | 13 |
+----+--------+-----+-----+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update student set sex='女',age=12 where id=3;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from student;
+----+--------+-----+-----+
| id | name | sex | age |
+----+--------+-----+-----+
| 1 | 小东 | 男 | 0 |
| 2 | 小南 | 女 | 0 |
| 3 | 小北 | 女 | 12 |
| 4 | 小西 | 女 | 13 |
+----+--------+-----+-----+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.4 delete
mysql> select * from student;
+----+--------+-----+-----+
| id | name | sex | age |
+----+--------+-----+-----+
| 1 | 小东 | 男 | 0 |
| 2 | 小南 | 女 | 0 |
| 3 | 小北 | 女 | 12 |
| 4 | 小西 | 女 | 13 |
+----+--------+-----+-----+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> delete from student where id=4;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from student;
+----+--------+-----+-----+
| id | name | sex | age |
+----+--------+-----+-----+
| 1 | 小东 | 男 | 0 |
| 2 | 小南 | 女 | 0 |
| 3 | 小北 | 女 | 12 |
+----+--------+-----+-----+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> delete from student where name='小南';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from student;
+----+--------+-----+-----+
| id | name | sex | age |
+----+--------+-----+-----+
| 1 | 小东 | 男 | 0 |
| 3 | 小北 | 女 | 12 |
+----+--------+-----+-----+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3. 数据库管理语句
show
create user
grant
revoke
3.1 show
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| school |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use school;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| student |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create database school;
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| school | CREATE DATABASE `school` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create table student\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: student
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `student` (
`id` int(5) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` char(20) NOT NULL,
`sex` char(5) NOT NULL,
`age` tinyint(2) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `index_name` (`name`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+
| user | host |
+------+-----------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | localhost |
+------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show grants for root@localhost;
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for root@localhost |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257' WITH GRANT OPTION |
| GRANT PROXY ON ''@'' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.2 create user
mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host | password |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | localhost | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
| root | 127.0.0.1 | |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> create user logen@'192.168.0.%' identified by '123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+-------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host | password |
+-------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | localhost | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
| root | 127.0.0.1 | |
| logen | 192.168.0.% | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
+-------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+-------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host | password |
+-------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | localhost | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
| root | 127.0.0.1 | |
| logen | 192.168.0.% | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
+-------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop user logen@'192.168.0.%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host | password |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | localhost | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
| root | 127.0.0.1 | |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.3 grant
mysql> grant insert,delete,update,select on school.student to logen@'192.168.0.%' identified by '123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show grants for logen@'192.168.0.%'; +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for logen@192.168.0.% |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'logen'@'192.168.0.%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257' |
| GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `school`.`student` TO 'logen'@'192.168.0.%' |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@SQL-S1 ~]# mysql -h292.168.0.88 -ulogen -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.5.55-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| school |
+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use school;
Database changed
mysql>
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| student |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> select * from student;
+----+--------+-----+-----+
| id | name | sex | age |
+----+--------+-----+-----+
| 1 | 小东 | 男 | 0 |
| 3 | 小北 | 女 | 12 |
+----+--------+-----+-----+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.4 revoke
mysql> revoke all on school.student from logen@'192.168.0.%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show grants for logen@'192.168.0.%';
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for logen@192.168.0.% |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'logen'@'192.168.0.%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257' |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
[root@SQL-S1 ~]# mysql -h292.168.0.88 -ulogen -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.55-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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