Mysql索引概述
索引介绍
索引是对记录集的多个字段进行排序的方法。
类似于书的目录
索引类型包括:Btree,B+tree,hash
索引优缺点
MySQL键值类型
键值类型
INDEX:普通索引
UNIQUE: 唯一索引
FULLTEXT: 全文索引
PRIMARY KEY: 主键
POREIGN KEY: 外键
INDEX普通索引
mysql> create table test1(
-> id char(6) not null,
-> name varchar(4) not null,
-> age int(3) not null,
-> gender enum('male','female'),
-> index(id),index(name)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
mysql> desc test1;
+--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | char(6) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| name | varchar(4) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| age | int(3) | NO | | NULL | |
| gender | enum('male','female') | YES | | NULL | |
+--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create index age on test1(age);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc test1;
+--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | char(6) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| name | varchar(4) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | int(3) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| gender | enum('male','female') | YES | | NULL | |
+--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
删除指定表的索引字段
-drop index 索引名 on 表名;
mysql> drop index name on test1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.34 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc test1;
+--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | char(6) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| name | varchar(4) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | int(3) | NO | | NULL | |
| gender | enum('male','female') | YES | | NULL | |
+--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查看表的索引信息
-show index from 表名;
mysql> show index from test1\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: test1
Non_unique: 1
Key_name: id
Seq_in_index: 1
Column_name: id
Collation: A
Cardinality: 0
Sub_part: NULL
Packed: NULL
Null:
Index_type: BTREE
Comment:
Index_comment:
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Table: test1
Non_unique: 1
Key_name: age
Seq_in_index: 1
Column_name: age
Collation: A
Cardinality: 0
Sub_part: NULL
Packed: NULL
Null:
Index_type: BTREE
Comment:
Index_comment:
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
primary key主键
mysql> create table test2(
-> id int(3) auto_increment,
-> name varchar(4) not null,
-> age int(2) not null,
-> primary key(id)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> desc test2;
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(3) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(4) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | int(2) | NO | | NULL | |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec
mysql> desc test2;
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(3) | NO | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(4) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | int(2) | NO | | NULL | |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> alter table test2 add primary key(name);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc test2;
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(3) | NO | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| age | int(2) | NO | | NULL | |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
ysql> desc test2;
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(3) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| name | varchar(4) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | int(2) | NO | | NULL | |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> alter table test2 drop primary key;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.31 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc test2;
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(3) | NO | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(4) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | int(2) | NO | | NULL | |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
foreign key 外键
mysql> create table yuangong(
-> yg_id int(4) auto_increment,
-> name char(16) not null,
-> primary key(yg_id)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.31 sec)
mysql> create table gongzi(
-> gz_id int(4) not null,
-> name char(15) not null,
-> gz float(6,2) not null default 0,
-> index(name),
-> foreign key(gz_id) references yuangong(yg_id)
-> on update cascade on delete cascade
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.32 sec)
mysql> show create table gongzi\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: gongzi
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `gongzi` (
`gz_id` int(4) NOT NULL,
`name` char(15) NOT NULL,
`gz` float(6,2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.00',
KEY `name` (`name`),
KEY `gz_id` (`gz_id`),
CONSTRAINT `gongzi_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`gz_id`) REFERENCES `yuangong` (`yg_id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> alter table gongzi drop foreign key gongzi_ibfk_1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> show create table gongzi\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: gongzi
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `gongzi` (
`gz_id` int(4) NOT NULL,
`name` char(15) NOT NULL,
`gz` float(6,2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.00',
KEY `name` (`name`),
KEY `gz_id` (`gz_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
UNIQUE索引
mysql> create table test3(
-> id char(6),
-> name varchar(4) not null,
-> age int(3) not null,
-> unique(id),unique(name),index(age)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.36 sec)
mysql> desc test3;
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | char(6) | YES | UNI | NULL | |
| name | varchar(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| age | int(3) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop index name on test3;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc test3;
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | char(6) | YES | UNI | NULL | |
| name | varchar(4) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | int(3) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create unique index name on test3(name);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc test3;
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | char(6) | YES | UNI | NULL | |
| name | varchar(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| age | int(3) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)