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linux常用的网络管理命令
更新：HHH 时间：2023-1-7

网络配置

rhel/Centos中常用的网络管理命令：

设置ip基本信息相关配置文件

5，6版本:system-config-network(setup)

配置文件位置：/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth[0-n]

7版本：nmcil nmtui(图形界面)

配置文件位置：/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-en*****

ifcfg-eth0,ifcfg-en******网络配置文件信息

TYPE=Ethernet #接口类型为以太网卡

BOOTPROTO=none #获取地址协议dhcp(自动获取)，static(手动配置)，none

HWADDR=00:0C:29:75:A1:89 #网卡MAC

UUID=be9d332f-ae79-42b6-8040-d2d431e4e195 #网卡标识

#DEVICE=eno16777736 #7系列的网卡名称

DEVICE=eth0 #5,6系列的网卡名

ONBOOT=yes #开机自动激活网卡，no不激活

IPADDR=10.76.249.91

GATEWAY=10.76.249.2

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

DNS=8.8.4.4

配置IP地址

临时添加IP地址,重启后失效

ip addr add 192.168.1.150/24 dev eth0

或者

# ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.150/24 up #重启后会失效，第一张网卡为eth0，第二张为eth2依此类推

# ifconfig

eth0 1.1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:75:A1:89

inet addr:192.168.1.150 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe75:a189/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:5682 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:4136 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

RX bytes:412252 (402.5 KiB) TX bytes:4464715 (4.2 MiB)

配置默认路由

# ip route add default via 192.168.1.1

#default via 192.168.1.1 devinterface

网卡相关状态查看

1.查看IP

# ip addr show

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 disc noqueue state UNKNOWN

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 ::1/128 scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,¹UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether ²00:0c:29:e1:c5:8a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet ³10.76.249.91/24 brd 10.76.249.255 scope global eno16777736

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fee1:c58a/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

1：网卡状态已经启动

2：网卡的mac地址

3：网卡”eno16777736”地址

或者

# ifconfig

eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:75:A1:89

inet addr:192.168.1.150 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe75:a189/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:6386 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:4436 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

RX bytes:467110 (456.1 KiB) TX bytes:4502451 (4.2 MiB)

lo Link encap:Local Loopback

inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0

inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host

UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1

RX packets:66 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:66 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

RX bytes:3482 (3.4 KiB) TX bytes:3482 (3.4 KiB)

或者

# nmcli dev show eth0

GENERAL.设备: eth0

GENERAL.类型: ethernet

GENERAL.硬盘: 00:0C:29:E1:C5:8A

GENERAL.MTU: 1500

GENERAL.状态: 100 (连接的)

GENERAL.CONNECTION: eno16777736

GENERAL.CON-PATH: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/1

WIRED-PROPERTIES.容器: 开

IP4.地址[1]: 10.76.249.91/24

IP4.网关: 10.76.249.2

IP6.地址[1]: fe80::20c:29ff:fee1:c58a/64

IP6.网关:

2.查看收发包状态

# ip -s link show eth0

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:75:a1:89 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast

477844 6528 0 0 0 0

TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns

4508951 4492 0 0 0 0

或者

# ifconfig –s eth0

Iface MTU Met RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg

eth0 1500 0 6459 0 0 0 4455 0 0 0 BMRU

3.显示显示主机默认路由

#ip route

default via 10.76.249.2 dev eth0 proto static metric 100

10.76.249.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 10.76.249.91 metric 100

4.显示连接状态

常用到的选项

ss和netstat使用方法相似，但是ss效率要比较高，消耗性能比较少。

选项	功能
-l	监听状态的连接
-n	不解析服务名以数字显示
-t	显示TCP连接
-u	显示UDP连接
-a	显示所有状态
-p	显示以哪个进程发起的连接

常用的组合

-tan,-tanl, -tanlp, -uan

几种状态信息

State: LISTEN（监听），ESTAB(已建立的链接)

# ss -tna

State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port 本地端口 Peer Address:Port 客户端端口

LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*

LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*

LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6010 *:*

LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6010 :::*

LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6011 *:*

LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6011 :::*

LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6012 *:*

LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6012 :::*

LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6013 *:*

LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6013 :::*

ESTAB 0 0 192.168.1.106:22 192.168.1.103:63167

ESTAB 0 0 192.168.1.150:22 192.168.1.103:63753

ESTAB 0 52 192.168.1.150:22 192.168.1.103:54953

ESTAB 0 0 192.168.1.106:22 192.168.1.103:63134

Centos/Redhat 7系列回归传统网卡命名

修改网卡文件内容

# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg- eno16777736

TYPE=Ethernet

BOOTPROTO=none

DEFROUTE=yes

PEERDNS=yes

PEERROUTES=yes

NAME=eno16777736

UUID=be9d332f-ae79-42b6-8040-d2d431e4e195

#DEVICE=eno16777736 #注释掉原来的命名

DEVICE=eth0 #传统命名

ONBOOT=yes

IPADDR=10.76.249.91

GATEWAY=10.76.249.2

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

重命名网卡文件

# mv /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno16777736 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

编辑/etc/default/grub配置文件

# vim /etc/default/grub

GRUB_TIMEOUT=5

GRUB_DEFAULT=saved

GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true

GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"

#GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet" #修改前

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="net.ifnames=0 rhgb quiet" #修改后

GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"

为grub2生成其配置文件

# grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg

Generating grub configuration file ...

Found linux p_w_picpath: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64

Found initrd p_w_picpath: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64.img

Found linux p_w_picpath: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-16de415bcbd643d886010c2fe954d9cb

Found initrd p_w_picpath: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-16de415bcbd643d886010c2fe954d9cb.img

done

重启系统
验证结果

# ip addr show eth0

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:e1:c5:8a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 10.76.249.91/24 brd 10.76.249.255 scope global eth0

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fee1:c58a/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

nmcli

nmcli：网络管理命令行接口：NetworkManagerCommand-Line Interface

nmtui：网络管理文本用户接口：NetworkManager Text-User Interface

RHEL7之后的网络配置命令

[root@localhost conf.d]# nmcli --help

Usage: nmcli [OPTIONS] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }

OPTIONS

-t[erse] terse output

-p[retty] pretty output

-m[ode] tabular|multiline output mode

-f[ields] <field1,field2,...>|all|common specify fields to output

-e[scape] yes|no escape columns separators in values

-n[ocheck] don't check nmcli and NetworkManager versions

-a[sk] ask for missing parameters

-w[ait] <seconds> set timeout waiting for finishing operations

-v[ersion] show program version

-h[elp] print this help

OBJECT

g[eneral] NetworkManager's general status and operations

n[etworking] overall networking control

r[adio] NetworkManager radio switches

c[onnection] NetworkManager's connections 简写为c

d[evice] devices managed by NetworkManager 简写为d

a[gent] NetworkManager secret agent or polkit agent

重新加载网络配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli c reload

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli c load/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

配置IP地址

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con mod eno16777736 ipv4.addresses '192.168.1.119/24'

网卡名使用查看# nmcli con show

配置DNS

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con mod eno16777736 ipv4.dns '8.8.4.4'

配置网关

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con mod eno16777736 ipv4.gateway '192.168.1.1'

停启用网卡

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli dev dis eth0

dis 为 disconnect

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con up eth0

查看相关信息

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli device status

DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION

eth0 ethernet connected eno16777736

lo loopback unmanaged --

；；；；；；；；；；；；；；；；；；；；；；；；；；；；；

nmtui 图形配置界面比较简洁

[root@localhost ~]# nmtui


返回网络管理教程...

网络配置

rhel/Centos中常用的网络管理命令：

设置ip基本信息相关配置文件

配置IP地址

配置默认路由

网卡相关状态查看

1.查看IP

2.查看收发包状态

3.显示显示主机默认路由

4.显示连接状态

Centos/Redhat 7系列回归传统网卡命名

nmcli

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