这篇文章主要介绍“Python中的Beautiful Soup模块的用法”,在日常操作中,相信很多人在Python中的Beautiful Soup模块的用法问题上存在疑惑,小编查阅了各式资料,整理出简单好用的操作方法,希望对大家解答”Python中的Beautiful Soup模块的用法”的疑惑有所帮助!接下来,请跟着小编一起来学习吧!
1.Beautiful Soup模块的介绍
Beautiful Soup 是一个可以从HTML或XML文件中提取数据的Python库,简单来说,它能将HTML的标签文件解析成树形结构,然后方便地获取到指定标签的对应属性,还可以方便的实现全站点的内容爬取和解析;
Beautiful Soup支持Python标准库中的HTML解析器,还支持一些第三方的解析器,如果我们不安装它,则 Python 会使用 Python默认的解析器;
lxml 是python的一个解析库,支持HTML和XML的解析,html5lib解析器能够以浏览器的方式解析,且生成HTML5文档;
pip install beautifulsoup4
pip install html5lib
pip install lxml
2. Beautiful Soup模块解析HTML文档
假如现在有一段不完整的HTML代码,我们现在要使用Beautiful Soup模块来解析这段HTML代码
data = '''
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></he
<body>
<p class="title"><b id="title">The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" i
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" i
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister"
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(data,'lxml')
然后通过BeautifulSoup提供的方法就可以拿到HTML的元素、属性、链接、文本等,BeautifulSoup模块可以将不完整的HTML文档,格式化为完整的HTML文档 ,比如我们打印print(soup.prettify())看一下输出什么?
<html>
<head>
<title>
The Dormouse's story
</title>
</head>
<body>
<p class="title">
<b id="title">
The Dormouse's story
</b>
</p>
<p class="story">
Once upon a time there were three
<a a="" and="" at="" bottom="" class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" i="" lived="" of="" the="" they="" well.="">
<p class="story">
...
</p>
</a>
</p>
</body>
</html>
print('title = {}'.format(soup.title))
# 输出:title = <title>The Dormouse's story</title>
print('a={}'.format(soup.a))print('title_name = {}'.format(soup.title.name))
# 输出:title_name = title
print('body_name = {}'.format(soup.body.name))
# 输出:body_name = bodyprint('title_string = {}'.format(soup.title.string))
# 输出:title_string = The Dormouse's storyprint('title_pareat_name = {}'.format(soup.title.parent))
# 输出:title_pareat_name = <head><title>The Dormouse's story</title>
</head>print('p = {}'.format(soup.p))
# 输出:p = <p class="title"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>print('p_class = {}'.format(soup.p["class"]))
# 输出:p_class = ['title']
print('a_class = {}'.format(soup.a["class"]))
# 输出:a_class = ['sister']# 获取所有的a标签
print('a = {}'.format(soup.find_all('a')))
# 获取所有的p标签
print('p = {}'.format(soup.find_all('p')))print('a_link = {}'.format(soup.find(id='title')))
# 输出:a_link = <b id="title">The Dormouse's story</b>3.BeautifulSoup中的对象
BeautifulSoup对象分为四类,分别是Tag(获取标签),
NavigableString(获取标签内容)
,
BeautifulSoup(根标签),
Comment(标签内的所有的文本)
;
语法:
soup.标签名:获取HTML中的标签;
soup.标签名.name:获取HTML中标签的名称;
soup.标签名.attrs:获取标签的所有属性;
soup.标签名.string:获取HTML中标签的文本内容;
soup.标签名.parent:获取HTML中标签的父标签;
prettify()方法:可以将Beautiful Soup的文档树格式化后以Unicode编码输出,每个XML/HTML标签都独占一行;
4.遍历文档
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,"lxml")
# 返回一个列表
print(soup.p.contents)
# 拿到第一个子节点
print(soup.p.contents[0])
for tag in soup.p.children:
print(tag)
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,"lxml")
for content in soup.strings:
print(repr(content))
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,"lxml")
for tag in soup.stripped_strings:
print(repr(tag))
5.查找标签
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,"lxml")
print(soup.find_all('a'))
print(soup.find_all(['a','p']))
print(soup.find_all(re.compile('^a')))soup = BeautifulSoup(html,"lxml")
print(soup.find('a'))到此,关于“Python中的Beautiful Soup模块的用法”的学习就结束了,希望能够解决大家的疑惑。理论与实践的搭配能更好的帮助大家学习,快去试试吧!若想继续学习更多相关知识,请继续关注天达云网站,小编会继续努力为大家带来更多实用的文章!