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控制文件对于Oracle数据库来说是至关重要的，这里简单的介绍几种在RMAN中对控制文件的备份方法。
1.进入RMAN命令行界面
secooler@secDB /oracle/oradata$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Dec 16 16:39:15 2009
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: SECOOLER (DBID=21803462)
RMAN>
2.修改控制文件备份方式为自动备份
RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup on;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
3.确认参数是否修改成功，成功。
RMAN> show CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP;
RMAN configuration parameters are:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
4.修改控制文件的备份文件的存放位置，这里注意一下其中的“%F”不可或缺。
RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '/orabackup/%F';
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/orabackup/%F';
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
5.确认一下备份文件备份位置参数是否修改成功。成功。
RMAN> show controlfile autobackup format;
RMAN configuration parameters are:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/orabackup/%F';
6.此时使用“backup database”命令可以出发控制文件的备份
RMAN> backup database;
Starting backup at 2009-12-16 16:54:21
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=146 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00001 name=/oracle/oradata/secooler/system01.dbf
input datafile fno=00002 name=/oracle/oradata/secooler/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile fno=00003 name=/oracle/oradata/secooler/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile fno=00004 name=/oracle/oradata/secooler/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2009-12-16 16:54:22
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2009-12-16 16:54:25
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/SECOOLER/backupset/2009_12_16/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20091216T165421_5lk81y4j_.bkp tag=TAG20091216T165421 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 2009-12-16 16:54:25
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2009-12-16 16:54:25
piece handle=/orabackup/c-21803462-20091216-00 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2009-12-16 16:54:26
7.在RMAN中使用“backup current controlfile”亦可完成控制文件的备份。
RMAN> backup current controlfile;
Starting backup at 2009-12-16 22:34:31
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=141 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
including current control file in backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2009-12-16 22:34:31
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2009-12-16 22:34:32
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/SECOOLER/backupset/2009_12_16/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20091216T223431_5lkvzqp6_.bkp tag=TAG20091216T223431 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2009-12-16 22:34:32
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2009-12-16 22:34:32
piece handle=/orabackup/c-21803462-20091216-01 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2009-12-16 22:34:33
8.在RMAN中得到曾经备份过的控制文件信息
RMAN> list backup of controlfile;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
2 Full 6.80M DISK 00:00:00 2009-12-16 16:54:25
BP Key: 2 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20091216T165425
Piece Name: /orabackup/c-21803462-20091216-00
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 742397 Ckp time: 2009-12-16 16:54:25
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
3 Full 6.77M DISK 00:00:00 2009-12-16 22:34:31
BP Key: 3 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20091216T223431
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/SECOOLER/backupset/2009_12_16/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20091216T223431_5lkvzqp6_.bkp
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 763491 Ckp time: 2009-12-16 22:34:31
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
4 Full 6.80M DISK 00:00:00 2009-12-16 22:34:32
BP Key: 4 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20091216T223432
Piece Name: /orabackup/c-21803462-20091216-01
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 763495 Ckp time: 2009-12-16 22:34:32
9.使用RMAN的copy命令亦完成可对控制文件的备份任务
RMAN> copy current controlfile to '/orabackup/rman_copy_controlfile.ctl';
Starting backup at 2009-12-16 22:42:47
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying current control file
output filename=/orabackup/rman_copy_controlfile.ctl tag=TAG20091216T224247 recid=1 stamp=705796967
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2009-12-16 22:42:48
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2009-12-16 22:42:48
piece handle=/orabackup/c-21803462-20091216-02 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2009-12-16 22:42:50
10.小结
以上仅是罗列了几种在RMAN中备份控制文件的方法，途径很多，适用就好，具体环境下使用顺手的备份方法便可。诚然，备份的根本目的是为恢复，任何一种备份方法在紧要关头只要可用便是王道。
Good luck.
secooler
10.01.26
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