一、说明：fpm的功能就是将一种类型的包转换成另一种类型

               fpm支持的源类型包：

                                  dir  :将目录打包成所需要的类型用于源码编译安装的软件包；

                                  rpm:对rpm进行转换；

                                  gem:对rubygem包进行转换；

                                  python:将python模块打包成相应的类型

               fpm支持的目标类型包：

                                  rpm:转换为rpm包

                                  deb:转换为deb包

                                 solari:转换为solaris包

                                 puppet:转换成pupper包

               fpm常用参数：

                                 -s:指定源类型；

                                 -t:指定目标类型，即想要制作什么包；

                                 -n:指定包的名字

                                 -v:指定包的版本号

                                 -c:    指定打包的相对路径

                                 -d:指定依赖于哪些包；

                                -f:第二次包时目录下如果有同名安装包存在，则覆盖它；

                                -p:制作的rpm安装包存放路径，不指定就在当前目录下；

                                --post-install:软件包安装完成之后所要运行的脚本；

                                --post-uninstall:软件包卸载完成之后所要运行的脚本；

                                --pre-install:软件包安装完成之前所要运行的脚本；

                                --pre-uninstall:软件包卸载完成之前所要运行的脚本；

                               --prefix:制作好的rpm包默认安装路径          

  二、安装fpm

                             #yum install –y ruby rubygems  ruby-devel                     #安装fpm前需要先安装ruby,rubygem;

                             #移除原生的ruby仓库，添加淘宝的ruby仓库：

                  # gem sources --add http://gems.ruby-china.com/ --remove http://rubygems.org/

                                http://gems.ruby-china.com/ added to sources

                                 http://rubygems.org/ removed from sources

                 [root@jump ~]# gem sources -l

                              *** CURRENT SOURCES ***

                               http://gems.ruby-china.com/

                   [root@jump ~]# gem install fpm

                     ERROR: Error installing fpm:

                        ffi requires Ruby version >= 1.9.      #安装出现这种错误，请先安装ffi,json,同时也是ruby版本太低的缘故了；

                      #gem install json –v 1.8.0

                      #gem install ffi  -v 1.9.18

                     #wget https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/2.5/ruby-2.5.3.tar.gz

　　　　#tar xf ruby-2.5.3.tar.gz

                  #cd ruby-2.5.3

                   #./configure –prefix=/usr/local/ruby

                  #make && make install

                 #echo “export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/ruby/bin” >>/etc/profile

                #source /etc/profile

[root@jump ruby-2.5.3]# gem install fpm                    #安装fpm时出现如下错误，

ERROR: Loading command: install (LoadError)

cannot load such file -- zlib

ERROR: While executing gem ... (NoMethodError)

undefined method `invoke_with_build_args' for nil:NilClass

查过资料，是因为没有安装zlib-devel的缘故

安装zlib-devel

#yum install –y zlib-devel

#cd ruby-2.5.3/ext/zlib

#ruby ./extconf.rb     #当这一步出现如下错误：make: *** No rule to make target `/include/ruby.h', needed by `zlib.o'. Stop.请进行这一步操作：

#vim  ruby-2.5.3/ext/zlib/Makefile

#zlib.o: $(top_srcdir)/include/ruby.h #把这一行替换成下面一行

zlib.o: ../../include/ruby.h

#make  && make install

#gem install fpm

Fetching: stud-0.0.23.gem (100%)

Successfully installed stud-0.0.23

Fetching: cabin-0.9.0.gem (100%)

Successfully installed cabin-0.9.0

Fetching: clamp-1.0.1.gem (100%)

Successfully installed clamp-1.0.1

Fetching: mustache-0.99.8.gem (100%)

Successfully installed mustache-0.99.8

Fetching: insist-1.0.0.gem (100%)

Successfully installed insist-1.0.0

Fetching: dotenv-2.5.0.gem (100%)

Successfully installed dotenv-2.5.0

Fetching: pleaserun-0.0.30.gem (100%)

Successfully installed pleaserun-0.0.30

Fetching: ffi-1.9.25.gem (100%)

Building native extensions. This could take a while...

Successfully installed ffi-1.9.25

Fetching: io-like-0.3.0.gem (100%)

Successfully installed io-like-0.3.0

Fetching: ruby-xz-0.2.3.gem (100%)

Successfully installed ruby-xz-0.2.3

Fetching: childprocess-0.9.0.gem (100%)

Successfully installed childprocess-0.9.0

Fetching: arr-pm-0.0.10.gem (100%)

Successfully installed arr-pm-0.0.10

Fetching: backports-3.11.4.gem (100%)

Successfully installed backports-3.11.4

Fetching: json-1.8.6.gem (100%)

Building native extensions. This could take a while...

Successfully installed json-1.8.6

Successfully installed fpm-1.10.2

Parsing documentation for stud-0.0.23

Installing ri documentation for stud-0.0.23

Parsing documentation for cabin-0.9.0

Installing ri documentation for cabin-0.9.0

Parsing documentation for clamp-1.0.1

Installing ri documentation for clamp-1.0.1

Parsing documentation for mustache-0.99.8

Installing ri documentation for mustache-0.99.8

Parsing documentation for insist-1.0.0

Installing ri documentation for insist-1.0.0

Parsing documentation for dotenv-2.5.0

Installing ri documentation for dotenv-2.5.0

Parsing documentation for pleaserun-0.0.30

Installing ri documentation for pleaserun-0.0.30

Parsing documentation for ffi-1.9.25

Installing ri documentation for ffi-1.9.25

Parsing documentation for io-like-0.3.0

Installing ri documentation for io-like-0.3.0

Parsing documentation for ruby-xz-0.2.3

Installing ri documentation for ruby-xz-0.2.3

Parsing documentation for childprocess-0.9.0

Installing ri documentation for childprocess-0.9.0

Parsing documentation for arr-pm-0.0.10

Installing ri documentation for arr-pm-0.0.10

Parsing documentation for backports-3.11.4

Installing ri documentation for backports-3.11.4

Parsing documentation for json-1.8.6

Installing ri documentation for json-1.8.6

Parsing documentation for fpm-1.10.2

Installing ri documentation for fpm-1.10.2

Done installing documentation for stud, cabin, clamp, mustache, insist, dotenv, pleaserun, ffi, io-like, ruby-xz, childprocess, arr-pm, backports, json, fpm after 28 seconds

15 gems installed

至此fpm安装成功了；

三、打包：

  # fpm -s dir -t rpm -n nginx -v 1.14.1 -d 'pcre-devel,openssl-devel' --post-install /server/scripts/nginx_rpm.sh -f /application/nginx-1.14.1/