1、什么是Grains
Grains是SaltStack的一个组件，存放着minion启动时收集的底层系统的静态信息。Grains是存储在minion端的，当minion启动时，会进行Grains的采集工作，然后保存下来。在以后的生命周期（再次重启minion，会重新收集）是不会发生变化的，所以是静态数据。Grains中包含诸如运行的内核版本、操作系统、CPU个数、内存、物理设备型号等信息。
数据采集更新方式：Minion启动时收集，也可以使用saltutil.sync_grains
2、Grains的应用场景
Grains可以在state系统中使用，用于配置管理模块。
Grains可以target中使用，在用来匹配Minion，比如匹配操作系统，使用-G选项。
Grains可以用于信息查询，Grains保存着收集到的客户端的详细信息。
3、Grains常用操作
a、列出Minion上所有可用的grains的名称
[root@master ~]# salt '*' grains.ls
node02.saltstack.com:
- SSDs
- biosreleasedate
- biosversion
- cpu_flags
- cpu_model
- cpuarch
- domain
- fqdn
- fqdn_ip4
- fqdn_ip6
- gpus
- host
- hwaddr_interfaces
- id
- init
- ip4_interfaces
- ip6_interfaces
- ip_interfaces
- ipv4
- ipv6
- kernel
- kernelrelease
- locale_info
- localhost
- lsb_distrib_codename
- lsb_distrib_id
- lsb_distrib_release
- machine_id
- manufacturer
- master
- mdadm
- mem_total
- nodename
- num_cpus
- num_gpus
- os
- os_family
- osarch
- oscodename
- osfinger
- osfullname
- osmajorrelease
- osrelease
- osrelease_info
- path
- productname
- ps
- pythonexecutable
- pythonpath
- pythonversion
- saltpath
- saltversion
- saltversioninfo
- selinux
- serialnumber
- server_id
- shell
- virtual
- zmqversion
node01.saltstack.com:
- SSDs
- biosreleasedate
- biosversion
- cpu_flags
- cpu_model
- cpuarch
- domain
- fqdn
- fqdn_ip4
- fqdn_ip6
- gpus
- host
- hwaddr_interfaces
- id
- init
- ip4_interfaces
- ip6_interfaces
- ip_interfaces
- ipv4
- ipv6
- kernel
- kernelrelease
- locale_info
- localhost
- lsb_distrib_codename
- lsb_distrib_id
- lsb_distrib_release
- machine_id
- manufacturer
- master
- mdadm
- mem_total
- nodename
- num_cpus
- num_gpus
- os
- os_family
- osarch
- oscodename
- osfinger
- osfullname
- osmajorrelease
- osrelease
- osrelease_info
- path
- productname
- ps
- pythonexecutable
- pythonpath
- pythonversion
- saltpath
- saltversion
- saltversioninfo
- selinux
- serialnumber
- server_id
- shell
- virtual
- zmqversion
b、列出Minion上所有grains的的名称及内容
[root@master ~]# salt 'node01.saltstack.com' grains.items
node01.saltstack.com:
----------
SSDs:
biosreleasedate:
07/02/2015
biosversion:
6.00
cpu_flags:
- fpu
- vme
- de
- pse
- tsc
- msr
- pae
- mce
- cx8
- apic
- sep
- mtrr
- pge
- mca
- cmov
- pat
- pse36
- clflush
- dts
- mmx
- fxsr
- sse
- sse2
- ss
- syscall
- nx
- rdtscp
- lm
- constant_tsc
- up
- arch_perfmon
- pebs
- bts
- xtopology
- tsc_reliable
- nonstop_tsc
- aperfmperf
- unfair_spinlock
- pni
- pclmulqdq
- ssse3
- cx16
- pcid
- sse4_1
- sse4_2
- x2apic
- popcnt
- tsc_deadline_timer
- aes
- xsave
- avx
- f16c
- rdrand
- hypervisor
- lahf_lm
- ida
- arat
- epb
- pln
- pts
- dts
- fsgsbase
- smep
cpu_model:
Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-3210M CPU @ 2.50GHz
cpuarch:
x86_64
domain:
saltstack.com
fqdn:
node01.saltstack.com
fqdn_ip4:
- 10.10.10.141
fqdn_ip6:
gpus:
|_
----------
model:
SVGA II Adapter
vendor:
unknown
host:
node01
hwaddr_interfaces:
----------
eth0:
00:0c:29:98:68:91
lo:
00:00:00:00:00:00
pan0:
f6:aa:1f:cb:87:f0
id:
node01.saltstack.com
init:
upstart
ip4_interfaces:
----------
eth0:
- 10.10.10.141
lo:
- 127.0.0.1
pan0:
ip6_interfaces:
----------
eth0:
- fe80::20c:29ff:fe98:6891
lo:
- ::1
pan0:
ip_interfaces:
----------
eth0:
- 10.10.10.141
- fe80::20c:29ff:fe98:6891
lo:
- 127.0.0.1
- ::1
pan0:
ipv4:
- 10.10.10.141
- 127.0.0.1
ipv6:
- ::1
- fe80::20c:29ff:fe98:6891
kernel:
Linux
kernelrelease:
2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64
locale_info:
----------
defaultencoding:
UTF8
defaultlanguage:
en_US
detectedencoding:
UTF-8
localhost:
node01.saltstack.com
lsb_distrib_codename:
Final
lsb_distrib_id:
CentOS
lsb_distrib_release:
6.7
machine_id:
5bd0d598c3ad4f78b38c6e7600000020
manufacturer:
VMware, Inc.
master:
master.saltstack.com
mdadm:
mem_total:
1863
nodename:
node01.saltstack.com
num_cpus:
1
num_gpus:
1
os:
CentOS
os_family:
RedHat
osarch:
x86_64
oscodename:
Final
osfinger:
CentOS-6
osfullname:
CentOS
osmajorrelease:
6
osrelease:
6.7
osrelease_info:
- 6
- 7
path:
/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin
productname:
VMware Virtual Platform
ps:
ps -efH
pythonexecutable:
/usr/bin/python2.6
pythonpath:
- /usr/bin
- /usr/lib64/python26.zip
- /usr/lib64/python2.6
- /usr/lib64/python2.6/plat-linux2
- /usr/lib64/python2.6/lib-tk
- /usr/lib64/python2.6/lib-old
- /usr/lib64/python2.6/lib-dynload
- /usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages
- /usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/PIL
- /usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/gst-0.10
- /usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/gtk-2.0
- /usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/webkit-1.0
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.6.egg-info
pythonversion:
- 2
- 6
- 6
- final
- 0
saltpath:
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/salt
saltversion:
2015.5.10
saltversioninfo:
- 2015
- 5
- 10
- 0
selinux:
----------
enabled:
False
enforced:
Disabled
serialnumber:
VMware-56 4d e6 9b 20 1f b4 60-77 5d 03 1d 1d 98 68 91
server_id:
1356238538
shell:
/bin/sh
virtual:
VMware
zmqversion:
3.2.5
c、查看虚拟化的类型
[root@master ~]# salt '*' grains.get virtual
node01.saltstack.com:
VMware
node02.saltstack.com:
VMware
d、查询eth0所有IP地址
[root@master ~]# salt '*' grains.get ip_interfaces
node01.saltstack.com:
----------
eth0:
- 10.10.10.141
- fe80::20c:29ff:fe98:6891
lo:
- 127.0.0.1
- ::1
pan0:
node02.saltstack.com:
----------
eth0:
- 10.10.10.142
- fe80::20c:29ff:fead:83d
lo:
- 127.0.0.1
- ::1
pan0:
e、查询eth0所有IP地址
[root@master ~]# salt '*' grains.get ip_interfaces:eth0
node02.saltstack.com:
- 10.10.10.142
- fe80::20c:29ff:fead:83d
node01.saltstack.com:
- 10.10.10.141
- fe80::20c:29ff:fe98:6891
4、自定义grains
a）在minion上的/etc/salt/minion直接配置grains
[root@node01 ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
grains:
roles: IT
dept: system
[root@master ~]# salt -G 'roles:IT' test.ping
node01.saltstack.com:
True
[root@master ~]# salt -G 'dept:system' test.ping
node01.saltstack.com:
True
b）通过/etc/salt/grains进行定义
[root@node01 ~]# vim /etc/salt/grains
virtual: openstack
[root@node01 ~]# /etc/init.d/salt-minion restart
Stopping salt-minion daemon: [确定]
Starting salt-minion daemon: [确定]
[root@node02 ~]# cat /etc/salt/grains
virtual: xen
[root@node02 ~]# /etc/init.d/salt-minion restart
Stopping salt-minion daemon: [确定]
Starting salt-minion daemon: [确定]
[root@master ~]# salt -G 'virtual:xen' test.ping
node02.saltstack.com:
True
在minion端添加一个mysqlversion的信息
[root@node01 ~]# cat /etc/salt/grains
virtual: openstack
mysqlversion: 5.5
测试,发现存在报错信息
[root@master ~]# salt -G 'mysqlversion:5.5' test.ping
No minions matched the target. No command was sent, no jid was assigned.
ERROR: No return received
使用saltutil.sync_grains进行刷新测试
[root@master ~]# salt '*' saltutil.sync_grains
node02.saltstack.com:
node01.saltstack.com:
[root@master ~]# salt -G 'mysqlversion:5.5' test.ping
node01.saltstack.com:
True